Przyczyny alergii najlepiej poznać na podstawie testów alergicznych. Do wyboru w tym przypadku są testy skórne i testy z krewi. Tylko prawidłowa diagnoza pozwala na skuteczne leczenie alergii.
Testy alergiczne – dlaczego należy je wykonać?
Sporo tak naprawdę zależy od lekarza pierwszego kontaktu. To bowiem on powinien powiązać dane objawy z alergią na podstawie dokładnego wywiadu. W razie potrzeby może zalecić odpowiednie leki i skierować do specjalisty od spraw alergii. Alergolodzy sporo mogą ustalić już za pomocą samego wywiadu. Dzięki temu wiedzą co na co dzień je i pije pacjent. Znaczenie ma również to czy w domu znajdują się zwierzęta i rośliny. Alergia bywa chorobą dziedziczną, dlatego warto wspomnieć o przypadkach alergii w rodzinie.
Alergiczne testy skórne
W praktyce najlepszym sposobem na określenie przyczyn alergii są testy alergiczne. Nie należy ich jednak wykonywać w okresie pylenia. Najczęściej wykonuje się testy skórne. W tym celu zanurza się specjalny nożyk w preparacie z alergenami, a następnie nacina nim delikatnie skórę na przedramieniu. Jeśli dany czynnik działa alergizująco, wokół nacięcia pojawia się obrzęk i zaczerwienienie. Testy tego rodzaju doskonale sprawdzają się podczas diagnozowania uczulenia na alergeny powietrznopochodne, a więc te zawieszone w powietrzu. Są to m.in. pyłki roślin, roztocza kurzu, grzyby pleśniowe czy alergeny sierści zwierząt. Niekiedy testy te stosuje się także do diagnozowania alergenów odpowiedzialnych za astmę czy całoroczne zapalenie spojówek. Co ciekawe, testy tego typu wykonać można z alergenami pokarmowymi. Dopiero potem można wdrożyć leczenie alergii.
Testy naskórkowe płatkowe
Tego typu testy wykonywane są w przypadku diagnostyki różnych odmian wyprysku. NTP wykonuje się na skórze pleców. Tam zabezpieczone alergeny są przyklejane za pomocą plastrów. Po 48 godzinach testy są usuwane. Wówczas lekarz wykonuje pierwszy odczyt. Kolejny ma miejsce po trzech dniach. Pleców w czasie testów nie należy moczyć. Klasyczny zestaw testów w tym przypadku składa się z metali, konserwantów, leków czy barwników.
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